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Ini adalah beberapa gambar tentang bangunan arsitektur yang membuat saya benar-benar mengaguminya....

 

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 10 Gedung Modern Masa Depan

 

1. Monaco House, Australia

Rumah Monaco yang berada di sebelah ujung timur pusat bisnis (Ridway Place) dan berada tepat di muka Melbourne Club. Bangunan yang dibuat untuk duta kehormatan Monaco ini menjadi pusat perhatian pejalan kaki. Dengan luas tapak hanya 101 meter2, bangunan ini mempunyai ketinggian 4 lantai lengkap dengan cafe, kegiatan kekonsulatan, kantor, ruang meeting dan taman di atap bangunan. (Architect, McBride Charles Ryan)

2. Castle House

Menara untuk tempat tinggal yang didesain oleh arsitek London, Hamiltons, berlokasi di antara Elephant dan Castle di London.
Bangunan yang tidak hanya sebagai eco-machine(sistim pengolahan air kotor sehingga didapatkan kualitas yang dapat digunakan kembali), tapi juga sebagai bangunan yang memproduksi energi melalui serangkaian turbin pembangkit tenaga angin dan panas.
Bangunan ini terdiri dari 2 bagian dimana bangunan pertama dengan 43 lantai dengan ketinggian 147 meter dengan ketinggian 9 meter untuk turbin angin di bagian atap dan bangunan kedua adalah 5 lantai bangunan paviliun. Mempunyai 310 unit apartemen dan ruang usaha di lantai dasar.

3. Pearl River Tower, China

Bangunan yang dirancang oleh Skidmore, Owings & Merril (SOM) untuk kantor pusat perusahaan tembakau (CNTC=China National Tobacco Corporation) ini dijadikan percobaan untuk “net”-zero energy building.
Caranya dengan memanfaatkan orientasi bangunan (timur), selimut bangunan, pencahayaan dan sistim pengendalian gedung.
Bangunan yang mempunyai selimut bangunan yang berbeda, dimana bagian selatan dibuat 2 lapis untuk menghemat pemakaian sistim HVAC ( Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning ).

4. Anti Smog, Paris

Bangunan yang dibangun di tahun 2007 berfungsi sebagai penyaring polusi udara kota Paris, dirancang oleh Vincent Callebaut.
Banguan luar bangunan pertama yang berbentuk kapsul dipenuhi oleh 250 m2 panel matahari photovoitaic (PV) yang dilapisi dengan titanium dioxide (TiO2). Panel PV menghasilkan energi listrik setempat dan TiO2 bekerja dengan radiasi ultraviolet yang beraksi dengan partikel partikel di udara membasmi polusi dan kontaminasi udara.
Bagian dalam setelah lapisan luar ini, terdapat ruang- ruang untuk umum dengan pelataran luas dengan kolam alami, yang menurut sang arsitek sebagai tempat untuk mempelajari ekologi perkotaan dan pembaharuan energi. Ruang hijau di bagian atap menghasilkan air hujan yang dapat digunakan di dalam bangunan.

Bangunan ” Wind Tower”, bangunan kedua dari Anti Smog ini, bangunan berbentuk spiral ke atas yang diisi Vertical Axis wind Turbines (VAWT) yang menangkap kekuatan angin. Sirkulasi orang berupa ramp membawa ke taman atap dengan pemandangan kota Paris.

5. Urban Cactus, Belanda

Urban Cactus adalah proyek arsitektur di di bagian Vuurplaat dari Rotterdam, Belanda yang didesain oleh UCX Architects ( Ben Huygen dan Jasper Jaegers). Rumah masa depan yang memuat 98 unit tempat tinggal di 19 lantainya
Ide perancangannya berawal karena bangunan ini berlokasi di area pelabuhan yang kering pepohonan dan diharapkan bangunan membawa kesan “hijau” di antara tumpukan “piring”.
Karena bentuknya tersebut, memungkinkan untuk setiap unitnya mempunyai 2 lantai teras depan dan mendapatkan cahaya matahari

6. Aerohotel Concept

Didesain oleh Alexander Asadov (Rusia), Aerohotel ini dengan 200 meter diameter lengkap dengan cafe, restoran dan kebun musim dingin.
Bisa ditempatkan di sembarang lokasi, danau di daerah perkotaan sampai pinggir pantai. Bangunan dengan ketinggian 65 meter ini bisa diakses dari air (escalator di bagian struktur) dan dari udara (balon udara).

7.  Yellow TreeHouse Cafe,New Zealand

Cafe ini berada di New Zealand, berada di 40 meter di atas tanah menempel pada pohon redwood. Hasil karya Pasific Environments Architects Ltd. atas permintaan Yellow Pages.
Cafe dengan 18 kursi, 10 meter lebar, 12 meter tinggi dengan dapur dan kamar mandi di permukaan tanah.

8. Sky Village, Denmark

Copenhagen Rødovre dari Denmark dengan bantuan MVRDV dan ADEPT mencoba membuat sebuah menara pencakar langit; yang kemudian diberi nama “Sky Village”. Desain ini menang dalam kompetisi di Copenhagen sebagai “The Most Beautiful Highrise”. Bergaya Contemporary, bangunan merupakan perpaduan dari kotak atau pixel yang masing2 mempunyai luas 60 m2 yang menempel di sekitar core bangunan.

Bagian bawah bangunan yang ramping memungkinkan adanya ruang untuk plaza, pertokoan dan restoran. Di atasnya bagian perkantoran. Bagian tengah diperuntukkan untuk apartemen dengan tamannya yang membentuk “Sky Village”dan bagian atasnya diperuntukkan hotel dengan pemandangan kota Copenhagen.
Perinciannya sbb: 10.500 sf pertokoan, 170.000 sf perkantoran, 39.300 sf apartemen, 21.500 sf hotel dan 146.000 sf basemen untuk parkir dan gudang.Dengan tinggi 116 meter, bangunan mempunyai fungsi sebagai apartemen, pertokoan, perkantoran, hotel, taman umum dan plaza.

9. The LM Project/ Copenhagen Gateway, Denmark

The LM Project atau juga bisa disebut Copenhagen Gateway merupakan hasil karya arsitek Steven Holl yang memenangkan kompetisi ” The LM Project”. Konsep utamanya adalah 2 menara yang dihubungkan dengan jembatan setinggi 65 meter di atas pelabuhan, yang membentuk sebuah landmark baru. Menara pertama, Langenlinie Tower dengan bentuk denah / bangunan sesuai tapak bangunan dengan pandangan ke arah laut. menara ke dua dengan view ke arah kota, diberi nama Marmormolen Tower.

10. Shanghai Tower, China

Gensler-lah yang dipercaya menangani pembangunan gedung tertinggi di China yang diberitakan akan selesai pada tahun 2014. Shanghai Tower, tower setinggi 632 meter ini mempunyai sistem men-daur-luang air hujan dan serangkaian turbin tenaga angin.

Gedung pencakar langit ini akan menghiasi Shanghai Luijiazui Finance dan Trade Zone, bersama-sama dengam Jin Mao Tower dan Shanghai World Finance Center.
Keistimewaan gedung ini terdiri dari 9 bagian yang diletakkan satu di atas lainnya. Bentuk bangunan yang berbentuk segitiga menyelubungi keseluruhan struktur, dan membentuk 9 sky garden sebagai tempat umum.Bentuk bangunan yang tidak beraturan dan seperti dipelintir dimaksudkan untuk mengurangi beban angin sebesar 24%.

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Architect's Job

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Architect

Architect
An architect at work, 1893.
Occupation
Names	Architect
Activity sectors	Architecture real estate development urban planning construction interior design Civil Engineering
Description
Competencies	technical knowledge, building design, planning and management skills[citation needed]
Education required	see professional requirements

An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight/supervision of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings, that have as their principal purpose human occupancy or use.^[1] Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton (arkhi-, chief + tekton, builder), i.e. chief builder.^[2]

Professionally, an architect's decisions affect public safety, and thus an architect must undergo specialized training consisting of advanced education and a practicum (or internship) for practical experience to earn a license to practice architecture. The practical, technical, and academic requirements for becoming an architect vary by jurisdiction (see below).

The terms architect and architecture are also used in the disciplines of landscape architecture, naval architecture and often information technology (for example a software architect). In most of the world's jurisdictions, the professional and commercial uses of the terms "architect" and "landscape architect" are legally protected.

Origins

Main article: History of Architecture

Throughout ancient and medieval history, most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Until modern times there was no clear distinction between the architect and engineer. In Europe, the titles "architect" and "engineer" were primarily geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably.^[3][4]

The Practice of Architecture

In most developed countries, only qualified persons— those with the appropriate licensure, certification, or registration with a relevant body, often governmental— are legally permitted to practice architecture. Such licensure usually requires an accredited university degree, successful completion of exams, and a training period. The use of terms and titles, including derivatives such as Architectural Designer, and the representation of oneself as an architect is restricted to licensed individuals by law.

To practice architecture implies the ability to practice independently of supervision. The term Building design professional (or Design professional), by contrast, is a much broader term including professionals who practice independently under an alternate profession, such as engineering professionals, or those who assist in the practice architecture under the supervision of a licensed architect, such as architectural technologists and intern architects. In many places, independent, non-licensed individuals are permitted to offer design services outside of the professional restrictions- such as the design of houses and other smaller structures.

Architects in practice

Architecture is a profession in which technical knowledge, management, and an understanding of business are as important as design. An architect accepts a commission from a client. The commission might involve preparing feasibility reports, building audits, the design of a building or of several buildings, structures, and the spaces among them. The architect participates in developing the requirements the client wants in the building. Throughout the project (planning to occupancy), the architect co-ordinates a design team. Structural, mechanical, and electrical engineers and other specialists, are hired by the client or the architect, who must ensure that the work is co-ordinated to construct the design.

Design role

The architect hired by a client is responsible for creating a design concept that meets the requirements of that client and provides a facility suitable to the required use. In that, the architect must meet with and question the client [extensively] to ascertain all the requirements and nuances of the planned project. This information, known as a program or brief, is essential to producing a project that meets all the needs and desires of the owner—it is a guide for the architect in creating the design concept.

Architects deal with local and federal jurisdictions about regulations and building codes. The architect might need to comply with local planning and zoning laws, such as required setbacks, height limitations, parking requirements, transparency requirements (windows) and land use. Some established jurisdictions require adherence to design and historic preservation guidelines.

Construction role

Architects typically put projects to tender on behalf of their clients, advise on the award of the project to a general contractor, and review the progress of the work during construction. They typically review contractor shop drawings and other submittals, prepare and issue site instructions, and provide construction contract administration and Certificates for Payment to the contractor (see also Design-bid-build). In many jurisdictions, mandatory certification or assurance of the work is required.

Depending on the client's needs and the jurisdiction's requirements, the spectrum of the architect's services may be extensive (detailed document preparation and construction review) or less inclusive (such as allowing a contractor to exercise considerable design-build functions). With very large, complex projects, an independent construction manager is sometimes hired to assist in design and to manage construction. In the United Kingdom and other countries, a quantity surveyor is often part of the team to provide cost consulting.

Alternate practice and specializations

Recent decades have seen the rise of specializations within the profession. Many architects and architectural firms focus on certain project types (for example, health care, retail, public housing, event management), technological expertise or project delivery methods. Some architects specialize as building code, building envelope, sustainable design, technical writing, historic preservation(US) or conservation (UK), accessibility and other forms of specialist consultants.

Many architects elect to move into real estate (property) development, corporate facilities planning, project management, construction management, interior design or other related fields.

Professional requirements

Main article: Professional requirements for architects

Although there are variations from place to place, most of the world's architects are required to register with the appropriate jurisdiction. To do so, architects are typically required to meet three common requirements: education, experience, and examination.

Educational requirements generally consist of a university degree in architecture. The experience requirement for degreed candidates is usually satisfied by a practicum or internship (usually two to three years, depending on jurisdiction). Finally, a Registration Examination or a series of exams is required prior to licensure.

Professionals engaged in the design and supervision of construction projects prior to the late 19th century were not necessarily trained in a separate architecture program in an academic setting. Instead, they often trained under established architects. Prior to modern times, there was no distinction between architects, engineers and often artists, and the title used varied depending on geographical location. They often carried the title of master builder, or surveyor, after serving a number of years as an apprentice (such as Sir Christopher Wren). The formal study of architecture in academic institutions played a pivotal role in the development of the profession as a whole, serving as a focal point for advances in architectural technology and theory.

Fin….

By Belinda N.R Wicaksono
www.wikipedia.com